12th - Chemistry : Most Important Question
Chapter 1 : Solid State : -
1. Explain The Following
a. Tetrahedral Voids
b. Doping
c. Octrahedral void formed by sphere
2. Explain the following ( 4 Mark )
a. Body Centred Cubic
b. Face Centred Cubic
3. Explain the following ( 4 Mark )
a. Frankel Defect
b. Schottky Defect
4. Write any four Difference between Crystalline Solid and Amorphous solid. (4Marks)
5. What are tetrahedral and Octahedral Voids? What is their ratio in close Packing Arrangements . ( 4 Marks)
6. Semiconductors. N - type and P - type semiconductors.
7. Ferromagnetism, Antiferromagnetism .
Chapter 2 : Solution : -
1. Define Molarity and Molality, And Write it's Formula. ( 2M )
2. What is Mole fraction ? Write it's Formula. ( 2 M)
3. A) Define molal boiling point elevation constant . ( 1M ) B) why is it safe to inject 0.9% sodium chloride into a vein . ( 2M )
4. 2.46 gm NaOH (Molar mass = 40) is dissolved in 100 cm3 water. Determine the Molarity of the solution. ( 2 M)
5. 2.91 gm glucose ( Molecular mass = 180 ) is dissolved in 30 gm water. Determine the mole fraction of glucose. ( 2M )
6. Calculate Mole Fraction of ethylene glycol ( C2 H6 O2 ) if 20 % by mass of C2H6O2. is present in that solution. ( 3M)
7. 8 gm NaOH is dissolved in 250 ml water. Determine the molarity of the solution. ( 3M )
8. 3.65 gm HCl is dissolved in 500 gram water. Determine the Molality of the Solution. ( 3 M)
9. What do you understand by Elevation in boiling point. Explain by the help of graph. ( 3 M)
10. What is depression in freezing point ? Explain by the help of graph. ( 3 M)
11. What is Raults Law. Explain it's mathematical Expression.
Chapter 3 : Electrochemistry : -
1. a. What is Redox Reaction? Give Example .
b. What is specific Resistance (Resistivity) ? Write it's Formula and unit. ( 5 Marks)
2. a. What is Faraday's first law of Electrolysis.
b. What is cell Constant ? Write formula and unit. ( 5 M )
3. a. What are oxidising And reducing Agents.
b. How much electricity is required in coulomb for the oxidation of : ( i ) 1 mol of H²O to O² . ( ii ) 1 mol FeO to Fe²O³ .
4. a. What are strong and weak electrolytes? Give example.
5. a. Write Faraday's second law.
b. What is equivalent conductance? Write it's formula and unit.
6. a. What is Electrochemical Series . Write kohlrausch law and it's Application .
b. What is molar conductance? Write it's formula and unit.
7. The Conductivity of a 0.01 M solution of acetic acid at 298 K is 1.65 × 10
8. Show labelled diagrammatic representation of electrochemical cell which have iron electrode having one molar ferrous sulphate electrolyte and standard hydrogen electrode.
Write the cell reaction and find standard electromotive force for this cell, when the value of standard electromotive force for iron electrode is +0.44V . ( 5M )
Chapter : 4 : Chemical Kinetics : -
1. What is Zero Order Reaction. ( 2 M )
2. Explain Half life Period . ( 3M ) .
Prove that the half life period of a first order reaction is independent of initial concentration of the reactant. ( 3M )
3. What is Pseudo unimolecular reaction ? Explain with Example. ( 2M )
4. What is temperature coefficient ? Write formula. ( 2M )
5. Derive expression of rate constant for Zero Order Reaction. ( 3M )
6. Determine the molecularity and order of reaction of the following reaction :
CH³COOCH³ + H²O ----> CH³COOH + CH³OH
7. How does Rate of Reaction depends on temperature ? Explain . ( 3M )
8. Determine the rate and order of the reaction for Ammonia to form Nitrogen and hydrogen at 1130K temperature. ( 2M ) .
9. Determine the order of reaction and unit of rate constant for any reaction.
10. For a reaction A ---> B, the rate of reaction becomes three times when the concentration of is increased by nine times . What is the order of reaction. ?
11. Differences between rate of reaction and rate constant .
12. Explain threshold energy. write any two difference between molecularity and order of reaction. ( 1+2 M )
Chapter 5 : Surface Chemistry : -
1. What is Adsorption. Why Adsorption is always Exothermic ? ( 2M )
2. How is Delta form when river meet's the sea. ?
3. Write three difference between lyophilic and lyophobic Colloids .
4. A) People Working in Coal mines use Activated charcoal in gas Mask. Why. ?
B) what observation will happen if sodium chloride electrolyte is added to hydrated ferric oxide solution ?
5. What are enzymes ? ( 1M )
6. Why bleeding stops by Rubbing alum. ?
7. Difference between adsorption and absorption .
8. What is Coagulation ? Milk coagulates when Acid is added , why ?
9. Write notes on a) Brownian motion
b) Protection of Colloids.
c) Emulsion
d) Electrophoresis
e) Gold Number
F) Dialysis
g) Micelles
10. What is Desorption ?
11. What is Tyndall Effect ?
Chapter 6 : Isolation of Elements :-
1. Draw Diagram of Bessemer Converter process for obtaining blister copper from matte ?
2. Role of Silica in Bessemer Converter.
3. Labelled diagram of blast furnace used in extraction of iron .
4. What is role of lime stone in smelting process. Give equation.
5. Draw labelled diagram of electrolytic cell used in extraction of alumina ?
6. Role of cryolite in Electrolytic cell process. Explain.
Chapter 7 : P - Block Elements :-
1. Halogens are strong oxidizing agent, why ? ( 3M )
2. What are Oxoacids ? Write formula and structure of three Oxoacids of Sulphur.
3. Fluorine exhibits only one oxidation state, whereas other halogens show variable oxidation states. Why ? ( 3M )
4. PCl5 exist but NCl5 does not. Why. ?
5. Oxygen and Nitrogen shows anomalous behavior than other elements of their group . Why ?
6. Sea divers use a mixture of He and O² in place of N² and O² for respiration in deep sea. Why. ?
7. What are Interhalogen compound? Write formula of two interhalogens compounds.
8. Explain Oswal process of manufacturing nitric acid under following points : 1- Principle, 2- Equation, 3- Any two uses
9. Ozone is a powerful oxidising agents. Explain with chemical equation.
11. Boiling Point of PH³ is lower than the boiling point of NH³ . Why ?
12. Explain H2O is a liquid and H2S is a gas . Why ?
13. Explain the contract process of manufacturing of sulphuric acid on following points : 1. Principle, 2. Equation , 3. Uses .
Chapter - 8 : d and f Block Elements :-
1. What is Lanthanoid contraction ? What is it's cause and it's consequences.
2. What are transition elements. Explain it's properties on basis of Oxidation state and formation of coloured ion. ( 6M )
3. Write general electronic configuration of transition elements and explain their following properties : a) Magnetic property b) Catalytic property .
4. The b.p. and m.p. of transition elements are high. Explain why ?
5. What are Alloys ? Transition elements from alloys easily. Explain.
6. Explain with reason : Transition metals generally form the coloured compounds . TiO2 is white and TiCl3 is coloured, Why .
7. What happened when Potassium permanganate reacts with oxalic acid in acidic medium . ( 2M )
8. Which is strongest reducing agent Cr2+ and Fe2+ and why . ( 2M )
9. Electronic configuration of Lawrencium (103) and Cerium (Ce58).
10. What happened when Potassium dichromate is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid and sodium chloride.
Chapter : 09 - Coordination Compound :-
1. Explain ionisation and Linkage isomerism in one example .
2. IUPAC names of the following compounds :
a) K⁴[Fe(CN)⁶] ,. b) [Co(NH³)⁶]Cl³ ,. c) [Ni(CO)⁴] ., d) K³[Co(C²O⁴)³]
3. Write the formulae of following coordination compounds :
a) Potassium tetrahydroxide zincate (ll)
b) Tetracarbonyl nickel (0)
c) Pentamine carbonato-cobalt ( lll ) chloride.
4. [NiCl4]²- is paramagnetic while [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic. Why ? ( 2M )
5. Explain with Crystal field theory that hexaaqua manganese (ll) ion contains five unpaired electron while hexacyano manganese ( ll ) ion contains only one unpaired electron.
Chapter : 10 - Haloalkanes and Haloarenes : -
1. Write. a) Friedal Craft reaction , b) Hundsdiecker reaction .
2. What is. a) Fittig reaction ., b) Wurtz Reaction.
3. Explain SN2 ( biomolecular nucleophilic substitution ) reaction with one example . ( 3M )
4. Explain SÑ1 ( Unimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution ) Reaction with one example .
5. Explain Markownikoff's law with Suitable example .
6. Name : 1,4-dibromobut-2-ene
Chapter : 11 - Alcohol , Phenol and Ether :-
1. Draw the Structure of
a) 2,3 - Diethylphenol .
2. What is Denatured alcohol ?
3. Why Alcohol and Phenols are Soluble in Water ?
4. Explain the following reaction : a) Reimer - Tiemann Reaction ,. b) Gattermann reaction , . c) Cannizzaro reaction ,. d) Kolbe's Reaction ,. e) Esterification .
5. What is Absolute alcohol ?
6. What is Lucas Reagent ?
7. Write ascending order of acidic strength. Phenol, Meta-phenol, O-Nitrophenol .
8. Explain the reason why boiling point of ethanol is higher than that of methoxy methane ?
Chapter : 12 - Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids :-
1. Which of the following is more acidic :
F3C-C6H6-COOH
H3C-C6H6-COOH. (2 Marks)
2. Write the IUPAC name of
a) CH3COCH3 . b) CH³CHO .
3. Draw Structure of a) 3-Chloro hexanoic Acid .
4. What Happens When : a) Sodium hydroxide and Iodine react with acetone .
b) Sodium acetate reacts with soda - lime .
c) Reduction of acetaldehyde in presence of Zn-amalgam and HCl.
d) Acetic acid with phosphorus pentachloride .
e) Methyl cyanide undergoes reduction in presence of SnCl2 and HCl followed by hydrolysis .
d) Dry distillation of Calcium acetate.
5. What is formaline.
6. Boiling point of ketone is more than corresponding isomeric aldehyde ? why.
7. Write the following reaction : 1. Cannizzaro Reaction, 2. Stephen Reaction , 3. Aldol Condensation, 4. Schmidt reaction.
8. Boiling point of carboxylic acid are higher than alcohol of comparable molecular mass . why?
Chapter : 13 - Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen ( Amine ) :-
1. Write the increasing order of Basicity :
C2H5NH2 , C6H5NH2 , NH3 and (C2H5)2NH .
2. Write the Carbylamine reaction.
C2H5NH2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH ---> ?
3. How will you prepare primary amine by alkyl halide ?
4. Aniline is insoluble in water but soluble in HCl. Why ? ( 2 Marks )
5. Explain a) Sandmeyer Reaction , b) Hoffman's mustard oil Reaction . ( 2 Marks )
6. Explain Hofmann Bromamide Reaction with Equation . ( 2 Mark )
7. Boiling Point of Primary amines is higher than Secondary Amines. Why ? ( 2 Mark )
8. Silver chloride is soluble in methylamine solution why ? give the equation.
Chapter : 14 - Biomolecules :-
1. What are protein ? write the name of protein present in milk. ( 2M )
What is called coagulation of protein ? ( 1M )
2. What is Reducing Sugar ?
3. Explain peptide linkage and denaturation with example . ( 2 M )
4. What is the carbohydrate in which > C = O ( Keto group ) is found ?
5. Write three differences between globular protein and fibrous protein . ( 3M )
6. Name of Carbohydrate which have -CHO group ?
7. What do you understand by vitamins ? Write the chemical name of vitamin found in Amla and orange . ( 3M )
Chapter : 15 - Polymer :-
1. Write the full name of PAN ( Orlon ) . How it is synthesized ? write the equation and important use of it.
2. Basic character of Glycine.
3. What is biodegradable ? polymer give example.
4. Write the full name of PVC. How it is synthesized give its equation and uses.
Chapter : 16 - Chemistry in Every day Life :-
1. What are tranquilizers ? write the name of one tranquilizer.
2. What are histamines ? write the name of one histamine.
3. What are food preservatives ? give an example. Also write artificial sweetening agents.
4. What is sapification ? Right chemical name of soap . Also write about detergent .
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